Assessing transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England

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MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, London, UK
Erik Volz, Swapnil Mishra, Robert Johnson, Lily Geidelberg, Wes R. Hinsley, Daniel J. Laydon, Manon Ragonnet-Cronin, Olivia Boyd, David Jorgensen, Katy Gaythorpe, Samir Bhatt & Neil M. Ferguson
Public Health England, London, UK
Meera Chand, Gavin Dabrera, Ian Harrison, Nicholas J. Loman, Richard Myers, Natalie Groves, Elias Allara, Clare Pearson, Husam Osman, Andrew Bosworth, Esther Robinson, Peter Muir, Ian B. Vipond, Richard Hopes, Hannah M. Pymont, Stephanie Hutchings, Angie Lackenby, Tamyo Mbisa, Steven Platt, Shahjahan Miah, David Bibby, Carmen Manso, Jonathan Hubb, Mary Ramsay, Daniel Bradshaw, Alicia Thornton, Ulf Schaefer, Eileen Gallagher, David Lee, David Williams, Nicholas Ellaby, Hassan Hartman, Nikos Manesis, Vineet Patel, Chloe Bishop, Vicki Chalker, Juan Ledesma, Katherine A. Twohig & Susan Hopkins
Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
Jeffrey C. Barrett, Robert Amato, Cristina V. Ariani, Sónia Gonçalves, David K. Jackson, John Sillitoe, Dominic P. Kwiatkowski, Alex Alderton, Roberto Amato, Mathew A. Beale, Charlotte Beaver, Katherine L. Bellis, Emma Betteridge, James Bonfield, John Danesh, Matthew J. Dorman, Eleanor Drury, Ben W. Farr, Luke Foulser, Sonia Goncalves, Scott Goodwin, Marina Gourtovaia, Ewan M. Harrison, Dorota Jamrozy, Ian Johnston, Leanne Kane, Sally Kay, Jon-Paul Keatley, Dominic Kwiatkowski, Cordelia F. Langford, Mara Lawniczak, Laura Letchford, Rich Livett, Stephanie Lo, Inigo Martincorena, Samantha McGuigan, Rachel Nelson, Steve Palmer, Naomi R. Park, Minal Patel, Liam Prestwood, Christoph Puethe, Michael A. Quail, Shavanthi Rajatileka, Carol Scott, Lesley Shirley, Michael H. Spencer Chapman, Scott A. J. Thurston, Gerry Tonkin-Hill, Danni Weldon, Diana Rajan, Iraad F. Bronner, Louise Aigrain, Nicholas M. Redshaw, Stefanie V. Lensing, Robert Davies, Andrew Whitwham, Jennifier Liddle, Kevin Lewis, Jaime M. Tovar-Corona, Steven Leonard, Jillian Durham, Andrew R. Bassett, Shane McCarthy, Robin J. Moll, Keith James, Karen Oliver, Alex Makunin & Jeff Barrett
Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Ãine OâToole, Ben Jackson, John T. McCrone, Verity Hill & Andrew Rambaut
Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Nicholas J. Loman, Nicholas J. Loman, Joshua Quick, Claire McMurray, Joanne Stockton, Sam Nicholls, Will Rowe, Radoslaw Poplawski & Alan McNally
Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK
Seth Flaxman, Oliver Ratmann & Axel Gandy
Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Samir Bhatt
Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Barking, UK
Cherian Koshy & Amy Ash
Basingstoke Hospital, Basingstoke, UK
Emma Wise, Nathan Moore, Matilde Mori, Nick Cortes, Jessica Lynch & Stephen Kidd
Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
Derek J. Fairley, Tanya Curran & James P. McKenna
Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Betsi Cadwaladr, UK
Helen Adams
Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Christophe Fraser, Tanya Golubchik & David Bonsall
Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
Mohammed O. Hassan-Ibrahim, Cassandra S. Malone & Benjamin J. Cogger
Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Michelle Wantoch & Nicola Reynolds
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
Ben Warne
Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
Joshua Maksimovic, Karla Spellman, Kathryn McCluggage, Michaela John, Robert Beer, Safiah Afifi & Sian Morgan
Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
Angela Marchbank, Anna Price, Christine Kitchen, Huw Gulliver, Ian Merrick, Joel Southgate, Martyn Guest, Robert Munn, Trudy Workman, Thomas R. Connor, William Fuller & Catherine Bresner
Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, St. Thomasâ Hospital and Kings College London, London, UK
Luke B. Snell & Amita Patel
Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guyâs and St Thomasâ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Themoula Charalampous, Gaia Nebbia, Rahul Batra & Jonathan Edgeworth
Centre for Enzyme Innovation, University of Portsmouth (PORT), Portsmouth, UK
Samuel C. Robson & Angela H. Beckett
Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
David M. Aanensen, Anthony P. Underwood, Corin A. Yeats, Khalil Abudahab, Ben E. W. Taylor & Mirko Menegazzo
Clinical Microbiology Department, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
Gemma Clark, Wendy Smith, Manjinder Khakh, Vicki M. Fleming, Michelle M. Lister, Hannah C. Howson-Wells, Louise Berry, Tim Boswell, Amelia Joseph, Iona Willingham & Carl Jones
Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
Christopher Holmes, Paul Bird, Thomas Helmer, Karlie Fallon & Julian Tang
County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, Durham, UK
Veena Raviprakash, Sharon Campbell, Nicola Sheriff, Victoria Blakey & Lesley-Anne Williams
Deep Seq, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Matthew W. Loose, Nadine Holmes, Christopher Moore, Matthew Carlile, Victoria Wright, Fei Sang & Johnny Debebe
Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
Francesc Coll
Department of Infectious Diseases, Kingâs College London, London, UK
Adrian W. Signell, Gilberto Betancor & Harry D. Wilson
Department of Microbiology, Kettering General Hospital, Kettering, UK
Sahar Eldirdiri, Anita Kenyon & Thomas Davis
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Oliver G. Pybus, Louis du Plessis, Alex E. Zarebski, Jayna Raghwani, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Sarah Francois, Stephen W. Attwood, Tetyana I. Vasylyeva, Marina Escalera Zamudio & Bernardo Gutierrez
Departments of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
M. Estee Torok & William L. Hamilton
Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Ian G. Goodfellow, Grant Hall, Aminu S. Jahun, Yasmin Chaudhry, Myra Hosmillo, Malte L. Pinckert & Iliana Georgana
East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, UK
Samuel Moses & Hannah Lowe
East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Ipswich, UK
Luke Bedford
Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, UK
Jonathan Moore & Susanne Stonehouse
Genomics Innovation Unit, Guyâs and St. Thomasâ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Chloe L. Fisher & Ali R. Awan
Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
John BoYes
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Judith Breuer, Kathryn Ann Harris, Julianne Rose Brown, Divya Shah, Laura Atkinson, Jack C. D. Lee & Nathaniel Storey
Guyâs and St. Thomasâ BRC, London, UK
Flavia Flaviani
Guyâs and St. Thomasâ Hospitals, London, UK
Adela Alcolea-Medina
Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, UK
Rebecca Williams & Gabrielle Vernet
Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Michael R. Chapman
Health Services Laboratories, London, UK
Lisa J. Levett, Judith Heaney, Wendy Chatterton & Monika Pusok
Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
Li Xu-McCrae
Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Darren L. Smith, Matthew Bashton & Gregory R. Young
Imperial College Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
Alison Holmes, Paul Anthony Randell, Alison Cox, Pinglawathee Madona, Frances Bolt, James Price & Siddharth Mookerjee
Imperial College London, London, UK
Manon Ragonnet-Cronin, Fabricia F. Nascimento, David Jorgensen, Igor Siveroni, Rob Johnson, Olivia Boyd, Lily Geidelberg, Erik M. Volz, Aileen Rowan & Graham P. Taylor
Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Glasgow, UK
Katherine L. Smollett
Kingâs College London, London, UK
Rocio T. Martinez Nunez
Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool, UK
Jenifer Mason, Trevor I. Robinson, Elaine OâToole, Joanne Watts, Cassie Breen & Angela Cowell
Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Maidstone, UK
Graciela Sluga
Manchester University NHSÂ Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
Nicholas W. Machin, Shazaad S. Y. Ahmad & Ryan P. George
Microbiology Department, Wye Valley NHS Trust, Hereford, UK
Fenella Halstead, Venkat Sivaprakasam & Wendy Hogsden
MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Chris J. Illingworth & Chris Jackson
MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
Emma C. Thomson, James G. Shepherd, Patawee Asamaphan, Marc O. Niebel, Kathy K. Li, Rajiv N. Shah, Natasha G. Jesudason, Lily Tong, Alice Broos, Daniel Mair, Jenna Nichols, Stephen N. Carmichael, Kyriaki Nomikou, Elihu Aranday-Cortes, Natasha Johnson, Igor Starinskij, Ana da Silva Filipe, David L. Robertson, Richard J. Orton, Joseph Hughes, Sreenu Vattipally, Joshua B. Singer & Seema Nickbakhsh
National Infection Service, PHE and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
Antony D. Hale, Louissa R. Macfarlane-Smith, Katherine L. Harper & Holli Carden
Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
Yusri Taha, Brendan A. I. Payne, Shirelle Burton-Fanning, Sheila Waugh, Jennifer Collins & Gary Eltringham
Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
Steven Rushton & Sarah OâBrien
NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
Amanda Bradley, Alasdair Maclean, Guy Mollett & Rachel Blacow
NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
Kate E. Templeton, Martin P. McHugh, Rebecca Dewar & Elizabeth Wastenge
Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
Samir Dervisevic, Rachael Stanley, Emma J. Meader & Lindsay Coupland
Norfolk County Council, Norwich, UK
Louise Smith
North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, Carlisle, UK
Clive Graham, Edward Barton, Debra Padgett & Garren Scott
North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
Emma Swindells & Jane Greenaway
Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Andrew Nelson, Clare M. McCann & Wen C. Yew
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
Monique Andersson, Timothy Peto, Anita Justice, David Eyre & Derrick Crook
PathLinks, Northern Lincolnshire & Goole NHS Foundation Trust, Scunthorpe, UK
Tim J. Sloan, Nichola Duckworth & Sarah Walsh
Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
Anoop J. Chauhan, Sharon Glaysher, Kelly Bicknell, Sarah Wyllie, Scott Elliott, Allyson Lloyd & Robert Impey
Princess Alexandra Hospital Microbiology Department, Harlow, UK
Nick Levene & Lynn Monaghan
Public Health Agency, Belfast, UK
Declan T. Bradley & Tim Wyatt
Public Health England, Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
Martin D. Curran & Surendra Parmar
Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK
Matthew T. G. Holden & Sharif Shaaban
Public Health Wales NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK
Alec Birchley, Alexander Adams, Alisha Davies, Amy Gaskin, Amy Plimmer, Bree Gatica-Wilcox, Caoimhe McKerr, Catherine Moore, Chris Williams, David Heyburn, Elen De Lacy, Ember Hilvers, Fatima Downing, Giri Shankar, Hannah Jones, Hibo Asad, Jason Coombes, Joanne Watkins, Johnathan M. Evans, Laia Fina, Laura Gifford, Lauren Gilbert, Lee Graham, Malorie Perry, Mari Morgan, Matthew Bull, Michelle Cronin, Nicole Pacchiarini, Noel Craine, Rachel Jones, Robin Howe, Sally Corden, Sara Rey, Sara Kumziene-Summerhayes, Sarah Taylor, Simon Cottrell, Sophie Jones & Sue Edwards
Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
Justin OâGrady, Andrew J. Page, Alison E. Mather, David J. Baker, Steven Rudder, Alp Aydin, Gemma L. Kay, Alexander J. Trotter, Nabil-Fareed Alikhan, Leonardo de Oliveira Martins, Thanh Le-Viet & Lizzie Meadows
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
Anna Casey & Liz Ratcliffe
Queenâs University Belfast, Belfast, UK
David A. Simpson, Zoltan Molnar, Thomas Thompson & Erwan Acheson
Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
Jane A. H. Masoli, Bridget A. Knight, Sian Ellard, Cressida Auckland & Christopher R. Jones
Royal Free NHS Trust, London, UK
Tabitha W. Mahungu, Dianne Irish-Tavares, Tanzina Haque, Jennifer Hart & Eric Witele
Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
Melisa Louise Fenton, Ashok Dadrah, Amanda Symmonds & Tranprit Saluja
School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth (PORT), Portsmouth, UK
Yann Bourgeois & Garry P. Scarlett
School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth (PORT), Portsmouth, UK
Katie F. Loveson, Salman Goudarzi, Christopher Fearn, Kate Cook, Hannah Dent & Hannah Paul
Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
David G. Partridge, Mohammad Raza, Cariad Evans & Kate Johnson
South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
Steven Liggett, Paul Baker, Stephen Bonner & Sarah Essex
Swansea University, Swansea, UK
Ronan A. Lyons
University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
Kordo Saeed, Adhyana I. K. Mahanama, Buddhini Samaraweera, Siona Silveira, Emanuela Pelosi, Eleri Wilson-Davies, Jacqui A. Prieto & Sarah Jeremiah
University College London, London, UK
Rachel J. Williams, Mark Kristiansen, Sunando Roy, Charlotte A. Williams, Marius Cotic, Nadua Bayzid, Adam P. Westhorpe, John A. Hartley, Riaz Jannoo, Helen L. Lowe, Angeliki Karamani & Leah Ensell
University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
Dimitris Grammatopoulos, Sarojini Pandey, Lisa Berry & Katie Jones
University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Alex Richter & Andrew Beggs
University of Birmingham Turnkey Laboratory, Birmingham, UK
Angus Best, Benita Percival, Jeremy Mirza, Oliver Megram, Megan Mayhew, Liam Crawford, Fiona Ashcroft, Emma Moles-Garcia & Nicola Cumley
University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
Colin P. Smith, Giselda Bucca & Andrew R. Hesketh
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Beth Blane, Sophia T. Girgis, Danielle Leek, Sushmita Sridhar, Sally Forrest, Claire Cormie, Harmeet K. Gill, Joana Dias, Ellen E. Higginson, Mailis Maes, Jamie Young, Leanne M. Kermack, Ravi Kumar Gupta, Catherine Ludden, Sharon J. Peacock, Sophie Palmer, Carol M. Churcher, Nazreen F. Hadjirin, Alessandro M. Carabelli, Ellena Brooks, Kim S. Smith, Katerina Galai, Georgina M. McManus & Chris Ruis
University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Rose K. Davidson
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Andrew Rambaut, Thomas Williams, Carlos E. Balcazar, Michael D. Gallagher, Ãine OâToole, Stefan Rooke, Verity Hill, Kathleen A. Williamson & Thomas D. Stanton
University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
Stephen L. Michell, Claire M. Bewshea, Ben Temperton, Michelle L. Michelsen, Joanna Warwick-Dugdale, Robin Manley, Audrey Farbos, James W. Harrison, Christine M. Sambles, David J. Studholme & Aaron R. Jeffries
University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Alistair C. Darby, Julian A. Hiscox, Steve Paterson, Miren Iturriza-Gomara, Kathryn A. Jackson, Anita O. Lucaci, Edith E. Vamos, Margaret Hughes, Lucille Rainbow, Richard Eccles, Charlotte Nelson, Mark Whitehead, Lance Turtle, Sam T. Haldenby, Richard Gregory, Matthew Gemmell, Claudia Wierzbicki & Hermione J. Webster
University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
Thushan I. de Silva, Nikki Smith, Adrienn Angyal, Benjamin B. Lindsey, Danielle C. Groves, Luke R. Green, Dennis Wang, Timothy M. Freeman, Matthew D. Parker, Alexander J. Keeley, Paul J. Parsons, Rachel M. Tucker, Rebecca Brown, Matthew Wyles, Max Whiteley, Peijun Zhang, Marta Gallis & Stavroula F. Louka
University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
Chrystala Constantinidou, Meera Unnikrishnan, Sascha Ott, Jeffrey K. J. Cheng, Hannah E. Bridgewater, Lucy R. Frost, Grace Taylor-Joyce, Richard Stark, Laura Baxter, Mohammad T. Alam & Paul E. Brown
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Dinesh Aggarwal
Viapath, London, UK
Alberto C. Cerda, Tammy V. Merrill & Rebekah E. Wilson
Guyâs and St Thomasâ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Alberto C. Cerda, Tammy V. Merrill & Rebekah E. Wilson
Kingâs College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Alberto C. Cerda, Tammy V. Merrill & Rebekah E. Wilson
Virology, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Patrick C. McClure, Joseph G. Chappell, Theocharis Tsoleridis & Jonathan Ball
Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
David Buck, John A. Todd, Angie Green, Amy Trebes, George MacIntyre-Cockett & Mariateresa de Cesare
West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
Rory N. Gunson
Conceptualization: E.V., S.B., A.G., S.M., N.M.F., M.C., S.H., J.C.B., D.P.K., A.R.; writing (first draft): E.V., S.F., S.B., A.G., O.R., S.M., R.J., A.R., N.M.F.; writing (review and editing): E.V., S.F., S.B., A.G., O.R., S.M., R.J., N.M.F., M.R.-C., D.J.L., M.C., S.H., J.C.B., K.G., C.V.A., J.T.M., V.H., B.J., Ã.OâT.; analysis: E.V., S.F., S.B., A.G., O.R., S.M., R.J., N.M.F., L.G., D.J., M.C., R.M., N.G., J.C.B., J.S., A.R.; methodology: E.V., S.F., S.B., A.G., O.R., S.M., R.J., N.M.F., A.R.; data generation: S.H., S.M., R.J., O.B., M.C., R.M., N.G., I.H., G.D., N.J.L., J.C.B., D.P.K., R.A., C.V.A., S.G., W.R.H.,D.K.J., J.S., O.B., K.G., J.T.M., V.H., B.J., Ã.OâT., A.R.; software: E.V., S.F., A.G., S.M., R.J., N.M.F., R.A., S.G., K.G.; validation: E.V., S.B., S.M., N.M.F.; visualization: E.V., S.F., S.B., O.R., S.M., M.R.-C.; supervision: E.V., S.B., O.R., N.M.F., A.R.; funding acquisition: E.V., S.F., S.B., A.G., N.M.F., N.J.L., A.R.
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